Apa itu Tenses?
Tenses merupakan
perubahan kata kerja berdasarkan perubahan waktu. Tenses sangat berguna dalam
kehidupan berbahasa inggris untuk memperbagus struktur penggunaan tata bahasa.
Dalam pelafalan, penggunaan Tenses memang tidak terlalu ditekankan tetapi
alangkah baiknya jika pelafalan dengan struktur dan grammar yang jelas,
Terdapat berbagai macam
Tenses yang kita ketahui, yaitu sebagai berikut.
1.
PRESENT
a. Simple Present Tense
b. Present Continuous Tense
c. Present Perfect Tense
d. Present Perfect Continuous
2.
PAST
a. Simpel Past Tense
b. Past Continuous Tense
c. Past Perfect Tense
d. Past Perfect Continuous
3.
FUTURE
a. Simple Future Tense
b. Future Continuous Tense
c. Future Perfect Tense
d. Future Perfect Continuous
4.
PAST FUTURE
a. Past Future Tense
b. Past Future Continuous
c. Past Future Perfect
d. Past Future Perfect Continuous
I.
PRESENT
1. Simple Present Tense
Simple present tense digunakan untuk menyatakan
kegiatan yang “BIASA” dikerjakan atau
berulang-ulang.
Formula :
(+ ) S + V1 (s/es) + Object+ Adverb of
(time,manner,place)
( - ) S + Do/ Does + not + V1 + Object
+ Adverb of (time, manner, place)
( ? ) Do/ Does + S + V1 + Object +
Adverb of (time, manner, place) ?
Atau juga dalam penggunaan adjective :
(+ ) S + to be (am/is/are) + adjective
( - ) S + to be (am/is/are) + not + adjective
( ? ) To be (am/is/are) + S + adjective ?
Contoh dari Simple Present Tense :
1)
(+) You write
a letter
(-) You don’t write a letter
(?) Do you write a letter?
2)
(+) Shella
makes a cake every Sunday
(-) Shella doesn’t make a cake every Sunday
(?) Does Shella make a cake every Sunday?
Adverb of time yang digunakan :
l
Every day = Setiap hari
l
Every week = Setiap minggu
l
Every year = Setiap tahun
l
Once = Satu kali
l
Twice = Dua kali
l
Usually = Biasanya
l
Often = Sering
l
Sometimes = Kadang-kadang
2. Present Continuous Tense
Present
Continuous Tense digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang “SEDANG” dilakukan.
Formula :
(+ ) S + to be (am/is/are) + V1 + ing +
Object+ Adverb of (time,manner,place)
( - ) S + to be (am/is/are) + not + V1
+ ing + Object + Adverb of (time, manner, place)
( ? )To be (am/is/are) + S + V1 + ing +
0bject + Adverb of (time, manner, place) ?
Contoh
dari Present Continuous Tense :
1) (+) The
teachers are teaching in the classroom
(-) The teachers aren’t teaching in the
classroom
(?)
Are the teachers teaching in the classroom?
2) (+)
Eliliana is visiting Bali
(-) Eliliana isn’t visiting Bali
(?) Is Eliliana visiting Bali?
Adverb of time yang digunakan :
l Now =
Sekarang
l At this time =
Pada waktu ini
3. Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect digunakan untuk menyatakan
kegiatan yang “SUDAH” dikerjakan.
Formula :
(+) S + has/have + V3
+ Object
(-) S + has/have + not + V3
+ Object
(?) Has/have + S +V3
+ Object ?
Contoh dari Present
Perfect Tense :
1)
(+) They have
studied Biology
(-)
They haven’t studied Biology
(?)
Have they studied Biology?
2)
(+) Dini has
washed a t-shirt
(-)
Dini hasn’t washed a t-shirt
(?)
Has Dini washed a t-shirt?
Adverb of time yang digunakan :
l
Since = Sejak
l
For = Selama
l
Already = Sudah
l
Yet = Belum
4. Present Perfect Continuous
Present
Perfect Continuous digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang “SUDAH” dan “MASIH” dikerjakan.
Formula :
(+) S + has/have + been +
V1 + ing + Object
(-) S + has/have + not +
been + V1 + ing + Object
(?) Has/have + S + been +
V1 + ing+ Object ?
Contoh
dari Present Perfect Continuous :
1)
(+) The boys
have been studying for 2 hours
(-)
The boys haven’t been studying for 2 hours
(?)
Have the boys been studying for 2 hours?
2)
(+) He has
been living here since 1985
(-)
He hasn’t been living here since 1985
(?)
Has he been living here since 1985?
Adverb of time yang digunakan :
l
Since = Sejak
l
For = Selama
II.
PAST
1. Simple Past Tense
Past simple tense digunakan untuk menyatakan
kegiatan yang dikerjakan di masa lampau.
Formula :
(+) S + V2
+ Object
(-) S +
Did + not + V1 + Object
(?) Did +
S + V1 + Object ?
Contoh
dari Simple Past Tense :
1)
(+) The man
sailed to Alaska last year
(-)
The man didn’t sail to Alaska last year
(?)
Did the man sail to Alaska last year?
2)
(+) We bought
apples in the market
(-)
We didn’t buy apples in the market
(?)
Did we buy apples in the market?
Adverb of
time yang digunakan :
l Last week =
Minggu lalu
l Last year =
Tahun lalu
l Last month =
Minggu lalu
l Yesterday =
Kemarin
l Two days ago= Dua hari yang lalu
2. Past Continuous Tense
Past continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan
suatu kegiatan yang sedang terjadi pada
waktu tertentu dimasa lampau ketika kegiatan yang lain menyusul. Kegiatan tersebut telah dimulai namun
belum selesai pada saat itu.
Formula :
(+) S + Was/were + V1 + ing +
Object
(-) S +
Was/were + not + V1 + ing + Object
(?)
Was/were + S + V1 + ing + Object ?
Contoh
dari Past Continuous Tense :
1)
(+) I was
doing physically exercises all day yesterday
(-) I
wasn’t doing physically exercises all day yesterday
(?) Was I
doing physically exercises all day yesterday?
2)
(+) They were
roasting corn at this time last night
(-)
They weren’t roasting corn at this time last night
(?)
Were they roasting corn at this time last night?
Adverb of time yang
digunakan :
l
When = Ketika
l
While = Sambil
3. Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan
suatu kegiatan di masa lalu dan terus
berlangsung selesai di masa lalu.
Formula :
(+) S +
Had + V3 + Object
(-) S +
Had + not + V3 + Object
(?) Had + S + V3 + Object ?
Contoh
dari Past Perfect Tense :
1)
(+) I had
fixed the bikes
(-) I
hadn’t fixed the bikes
(?)
Had I fixed the bikes?
2)
(+) Mulya had
finished her homework
(-)
Mulya hadn’t finished her homework
(?)
Had Mulya finished her homework?
Adverb of
time yang digunakan :
l
For =
Selama
l
Since` = Sejak
l
Always = Selalu
4. Past Perfect Continuous
Past perfect continuous digunakan untuk menyatakan
suatu kegiatan yang telah berlangsung
selama beberapa saat, ketika terjadi pekerjaan yang lain di masa dulu.
Formula :
(+) S +
had + been + V1 + ing + Object
(-) S +
had + not + been + V1 + ing + Object
(?) Had +
S + been + V1 + ing + Object ?
Contoh
dari Past Perfect Continuous :
1)
(+) We had
been attending birthday’s party last night
(-) We hadn’t
been attending birthday’s party last night
(?) Had we
been attending birthday’s party last night?
2)
(+) Chandra
had been studying chemistry last night
(-)
Chandra hadn’t been studying chemistry last night
(?)
Had Chandra been studying chemistry last night?
Adverb of time yang digunakan :
l
For = Selama
l
Since = Sejak
l
When = Ketika
l
While = Sementara
III.
FUTURE
1. Simple Future Tense
Simple future tense digunakan untuk menyatakan
pekerjaan yang “AKAN” dikerjakan.
( be goin
to = will )
Formula :
(+) S +
will/shall +V1 + Object
(-) S +
will/shall + not + V1 + Object
(?)
Will/shall + S + V1 + Object ?
Contoh
dari Simple Past Tense :
1)
(+) I will
visit my grandmother’s home next week
(-) I
won’t visit my grandmother’s home next week
(?)
Will I visit my grandmother’s home next week?
2)
(+) Tammy
will buy a new handphone tomorrow
(-) Tammy won’t buy a new handphone tomorrow
(?)
Will Tammy buy a new handphone tomorrow?
Adverb of
time yang digunakan :
l Tomorrow =
Besok
l Next month =
Bulan depan
l Next year =
Tahun depan
l Next week =
Minggu depan
2. Future Continuous Tense
Simple future
tense digunakan untuk menyatakan pekerjaan yang akan sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa depan. Pekerjaan
tersebut telah dimulai tetapi belum selesai pada saat itu.
Formula :
(+) S +
will/shall + be + V1 + ing + Object
(-) S +
will/shall + not + be + V1 + ing + Object
(?)
Will/shall + S + be + V1 + ing + Object ?
Contoh
dari Simple Past Tense :
1)
(+) Vira will
be boiling water
(-)
Vira won’t be boiling water
(?)
Will Vira be boiling water?
2)
(+) We will
be doing our homework
(-) We won’t be doing our homework
(?)
Will we be doing our homework?
3. Future Perfect Tense
Future perfect
tense digunakan untuk menyatakan pekerjaan yang akan
sudah selesai pada titik waktu di masa depan.
Formula :
(+) S +
will/shall + have + V3 + Object
(-) S +
will/shall + not + have + V3 + Object
(?)
Will/shall + S + have + V3 + Object ?
Contoh
dari Simple Past Tense :
1)
(+) Messy will
have played flute
(-)
Messy won’t have played flute
(?)
Will Messy have played flute?
2)
(+) You will
have cooking dinner
(-) You won’t have cooking dinner
(?)
Will you have cooking dinner?
4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Future
perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk menyatakan pekerjaan yang akan sudah berlangsung selama sekian lama pada titik waktu
tertentu di masa depan.
Formula :
(+) S +
will/shall + have+ been + V1+ ing + Object
(-) S +
will/shall + not + have + been + V1 + ing + Object
(?)
Will/shall + S + have + been + V1 + ing + Object ?
Contoh
dari Simple Past Tense :
1)
(+) We will
have been studying English
(-)
We won’t have been studying English
(?)
Will we have been stuudying English?
2)
(+) Ica will
have been working in this company
(-)
Ica won’t have been working in this company
(?)
Will Ica have been working in this company?
IV.
PAST
FUTURE
1. Simple Past Future
Simple past future tense digunakan untuk
menyatakan pekerjaan yang akan terjadi pada masa lalu
(bukan masa sekarang).
Formula :
(+) S +
would/should + V1 + Object
(-) S +
would/should + not + V1 + Object
(?)
Would/should + S + V1 + Object ?
Contoh
dari Simple Past Tense :
1)
(+) Ibnu
would make a sketch
(-)
Ibnu wouldn’t make a sketch
(?)
Would Ibnu make a sketch?
2)
(+) I would
explain about database
(-) I
wouldn’t explain about database
(?)
Would I explain about database
2. Past Future Continuous
Past future continuous tense digunakan untuk
menyatakan pekerjaan yang akan sedang terjadi di masa depan ketika berada di masa lampau.
Formula :
(+) S +
would/should + be + V1 + ing + Object
(-) S +
would/should + not + be + V1 + ing + Object
(?)
Would/should + S + be + V1 + ing + Object ?
Contoh
dari Simple Past Tense :
1)
(+) Kokom
would be joining an exam
(-)
Kokom wouldn’t be joining an exam
(?)
Would Kokom be joining an exam?
2)
(+) You would
be playing badminton
(-) I
wouldn’t be playing badminton
(?) Would I be
playing badminton?
3. Past Future Perfect Tense
Past Future perfect tense digunakan untuk
menyatakan pekerjaan yang akan telah berlangsung selama sekian lama pada titik waktu tertentu
di masa lampau.
Formula :
(+) S +
should/would + have + V3 + Object
(-) S +
should/would + not + have + V3 + Object
(?)
Should/would + S + have + V3 + Object ?
Contoh
dari Simple Past Tense :
1)
(+) The
government would have built a hospital
(-) The government wouldn’t have built a
hospital
(?)
Would the government have built a hospital?
2)
(+) My
parents would have bought a car
(-) My parents wouldn’t have built a car
(?)
Would my parents have bought a car?
4. Past Future Perfect Continuous
Pas future perfect continuous tense digunakan
untuk menyatakan pekerjaan yang akan telah berlangsung selama sekian lama pada titik waktu
tertentu di masa lampau.
Formula :
(+) S +
should/would + have+ been + V1+ ing + Object
(-) S +
should/would + not + have + been + V1 + ing + Object
(?)
Should/would + S + have + been + V1 + ing + Object ?
Contoh
dari Simple Past Tense :
1)
(+) We would
have been swimming
(-) We
wouldn’t have been swimming
(?)
Would we have been swimming?
2)
(+) Susi
would have been meeting in the office
(-)
Susi would have been meeting in the office
(?)
Would Susi have been meeting in the office?
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